PESTLE Analysis of Sweden

PESTLE Analysis of Sweden Sweden, which involves the eastern piece of the Scandinavian Peninsula, is the fourth-biggest nation in Europe and is one-tenth bigger than California. The nation slants eastbound and southward from the Kjã ³len Mountains along the Norwegian outskirt, where the pinnacle rise is Kebnekaise at 6,965 ft (2,123 m) in Lapland. In the north are mountains and numerous lakes. Toward the south and east are focal marshes and south of them are prolific regions of timberland, valley, and plain. Along Swedens rough coast, slashed up by coves and deltas, are numerous islands, the biggest of which are Gotland and Oland. This nation is having the region of 449964 sq km marginally bigger than California. STOCKHOLM is the capital.They are having the Constitutional government kind of government and furthermore have parliamentary majority rules system. PESTEL ANALYSIS OF THE SWEDEN: As in this nation the legislature is having the protected government and has parliamentary majority rule government. In the economy of the there is a major trade after 1991. This economy is enhanced by the wellsprings of the clock, hydropower and iron metal. POLITICAL ANALYSIS: Customary general races to the Swedish Parliament are held each fourth year on the third Sunday in September. Region chamber and metropolitan board races happen simultaneously. A gathering must get in any event 4% of the votes in the whole nation or 12% in a solitary discretionary area to fit the bill for any seats in Parliament.Sweden is an established government where King Karl XVI Gustaf is principle leader of the state. Sweden is the unitary state as of now partitioned into the 21 countries.Each nation has a nation authoritative board, which is an administration delegated board. Its drove by a senator selected for time of six years. The fundamental obligations of the County Administrative Board are to arrange the improvement of the district in accordance with objectives set in national legislative issues. In every area there is likewise a County Council or landsting which is an arrangement making gathering chose by the occupants of the province. Unavoidably, the 349-part Riksdag (Parliament) holds preeminent expert in present day Sweden. The Riksdag is liable for picking the PM, who at that point chooses the legislature (the priests). The authoritative force is just practiced by the Riksdag. Enactment might be started by the bureau or by individuals from Parliament. Individuals are chosen based on relative portrayal for a four-year term. The Constitution of Sweden can be modified by the Riksdag, which requires a straightforward however supreme dominant part and two choices with general races in the middle. Sweden has three other sacred laws: The Act of Royal Succession, The Freedom of Press Act and The Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression. Financial ANALYSIS: Gross domestic product (2010 est., ostensible): $438.8 billion. Gross domestic product (2010 est., per capita buying power equality): $37,032. GNI (2009, per capita buying power equality): $38,560. Yearly GDP development rate (2010 est.): 4.5%. Conversion scale (September 2010): Swedish kronor (SEK) per U.S. dollar = 7.073. Conversion scale (January-September 2010 avg.): Swedish kronor (SEK) per U.S. dollar = 7.3475. Expansion rate (2010 est.): 1.4%. Characteristic assets: Forests, hydroelectric force, iron metal, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, uranium, arsenic, feldspar, lumber. Industry (2010): Approximately 26.6% of GDP. TYPES: apparatus/metal items (iron and steel), electrical hardware, airplane, paper items, exactness gear (course, radio and phone parts, deadly implements), wood mash and paper items, handled nourishments. Administrations (2010): Approximately 71.8% of GDP. Typestelecommunications, PC gear, biotech. Exchange: Fares (2010)SEK 728.2 billion (U.S. $102.9 billion). Significant exchanging accomplices, sends out (2010)- Germany, Norway, U.K., U.S., Denmark, Finland, France, Netherlands, China. Imports (2010)SEK 687.6 billion (U.S. $97.2 billion). Typesmachinery and transport gear, 41.8%; food, dress, materials and furniture, 19.6%; mineral powers and electric flow, 13.5%; synthetic compounds and elastic items, 12.8%; minerals, 9.2%; wood and paper items, 3.1%. Significant exchanging accomplices, imports (2010)- Germany, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, U.K., Finland, Russia, France, Belgium, China. The ordinary laborer gets 40% of his salary after the assessment wedge. The gradually declining by and large tax assessment, 51.1% of GDP in 2007, is still about twofold of that in the United States or Ireland. The portion of business financed by means of assessment pay adds up to 33% of Swedish workforce, a considerably higher extent than in most different nations. Genuine GDP GROWTH IN SWEDEN IN BETWEEN 1996-2006 SOCIAL ANALYSIS: Sweden has one of the most profoundly created government assistance states on the planet. The nation has a more elevated level of social spending to GDP than some other country. Furthermore it gives equivalent just as far reaching access to instruction and human services. Sweden offered strong help with the expectation of complimentary exchange (aside from horticulture) and for the most part generally solid and stable property rights (both private and open), however a few market analysts have called attention to that Sweden advanced businesses with duties and utilized freely financed RD during the countrys early basic long periods of industrialization. From the 1970s and onwards Swedens GDP development fell behind other industrialized nations and the countrys per capita positioning tumbled from the fourth to fourteenth spot in a couple of decades. Sweden embraced neo-liberal farming strategies in 1990. Since the 1930s, the horticultural division had been liable to value controls. In June 1990, the Parliament decided in favor of another agrarian strategy denoting a noteworthy move away from value controls. Subsequently, food costs fell to some degree. Be that as it may, the advancements before long became debatable on the grounds that EU agrarian controls happened. Starting at 2007, absolute expense income was 47.8% of GDP, the second most noteworthy taxation rate among created nations, down from 49.1% 2006. Swedens rearranged charge wedge the sum heading off to the administration laborers wallet is around 15% contrasted with 10% in Belgium, 30% in Ireland, and half in United States. Open division spending adds up to 53% of the GDP. State and city representatives aggregate around 33% of the workforce, significantly more than in most Western nations. Just Denmark has a bigger open segment (38% of Danish workforce). Spending on moves is likewise high. Innovative ANALYSIS: The customary building industry is as yet a significant wellspring of Swedish innovations, yet pharmaceuticals, gadgets and other cutting edge ventures are making strides. Tetra was a development for putting away fluid nourishments, imagined by Erik Wallenberg. Losec, a ulcer medication, was the universes top of the line tranquilize during the 1990s and was created by AstraZeneca. All the more as of late Hakan Lans designed the Automatic Identification System, an overall standard for delivery and common flying route. Swedish designers hold a sum of 33,523 licenses in the United States starting at 2007, as per the United States Patent and Trademark Office. As a country, just ten different nations hold a bigger number of licenses than Sweden. In 1991 the legislature declared it would start taking applications from private TV organizations wishing to communicate on the earthly system. TV4, which had recently been communicating by means of satellite, was allowed a grant and started its earthbound communicates in 1992, turning into the principal private station to communicate TV content from inside the nation. Around a large portion of the populaces are associated with satellite TV. Advanced earthly TV began in 1999 and the last simple earthbound communicates were ended in 2007. Swedens vitality is to a great extent privatized. The Nordic vitality advertise is one of the first changed vitality showcases in Europe. The conventional designing industry is as yet a significant wellspring of Swedish developments, however pharmaceuticals, hardware and other cutting edge businesses are making strides. Tetra Pak was an innovation for putting away fluid nourishments, imagined by Erik Wallenberg. Losec, a ulcer medication, was the universes top of the line tranquilize during the 1990s and was created by AstraZeneca. All the more as of late Hakan Lans developed the Automatic Identification System, an overall standard for delivery and common flying route. An enormous segment of the Swedish economy is right up 'til the present time dependent on the fare of specialized developments, and numerous huge worldwide partnerships from Sweden have their inceptions in the inventiveness of Swedish designers. Lawful ANALYSIS: The preeminent court of Sweden is the last advance for all affable and criminal cases. The Supreme Court comprise of 16 councilors of equity which were delegated by government, however the court as a foundation is free and the legislature can't meddle in the choices of the court. The Swedish police administration is government office worried about police matters. All the issues are unraveled by the national police as there is city police. The whole police is under national government from 1 January 1965. Here courts are partitioned in 2 equal courts General court-for criminal and common case General regulatory court-for authoritative cases. For the most part the judges for these courts are delegated by government. Ecological ANALYSIS: Ecological assurance laws: These are for the most part moved up to have power over the earth from various elements. Removal of squanders in a legitimate and determined way. SOURCES OR POTENTIAL SOURCES OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE FOR SWEDEN BY USING PORTER DIAMOND MODEL: The potential sources are connected with the upper hand for the different nations on the planet. Watchman jewel model (1990) shows direct connection of the development of the various economies of the world. POTERS DIAMOND-THE DETERMINANTS OF THE NATIONAL ADVANTAGE: As the market in Sweden is developing at a stale development. The economy is fastly developing in specialized division, for example, in PC types of gear, biotech and te

Conflict of laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strife of laws - Essay Example It is obvious that in the occasion the business is situated in Paris, France, and the business directed from France, the French courts have locale for this situation. In this way it would not be conceivable to recommend English courts for this situation, and this must be settled, either with French, or EU laws. (Etgen Reitz 2006, p.90). 1. The part that manages the case of Jones, the ex-advertising worker of LSEL in UK who is looking for commission and pay in lieu of notice of end of his administrations. The primary angle is whether English or EU laws could be applied for this situation. 2. The subsequent part would manage whether Reilly could have a meaningful case for supposed deficient PC comfort which the organization isn't happy to settle, guaranteeing that the shortcoming lay with the installer and not the item. Regardless of whether English law would have the option to be utilized for this situation. imperatives. It is surely to the advantage of managers that French state offices have the forces to mediate in, and even approve excusals should it so warrant. Nonetheless, it is likewise observed that it isn't hard for any representative to start a claim against his ex managers under work courts. Work Relations Courts (Conseils de Prudhommes) are commonly comprised of lay appointed authorities who are chosen from the positions of boss/representative associations. It is uncommon that the offended party be other than a representative and similarly as uncommon that cases be excused with no honor at all being made against the employer.† For this situation, English laws may not make a difference, since his business is held by French Company enlisted and controlled in France. Be that as it may, it might be important to consider the European Laws on work which might encroach upon this agreement. Notice period: By far, the most significant part of any current business is that of either the business or the representative serving notice before leaving the work. Under French law, it is one month’s notice

Product Development - An Overview From Idea To Product

Product Development - An Overview From Idea To Product 1. TWO APPROACHES FOR MANAGING PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT Product development is the creation of a new or different product that offers innovative new benefits to the end user. This includes both the creation of an entirely new product and modifications to an existing product. These changes or new introductions may be targeting a newly defined customer requirement or a niche category in the market.A product can be defined as a collection of benefits that can be either tangible such as a physical item or intangible such as a service or experience. The new product development process involves two simultaneous activity paths. One of these focuses on extensive market research and analysis while the other deals with generating ideas, design of the product and detail engineering.New product development is the first stage in the product life cycle management process, the strategic process that is used to manage products and market share. An effective product development process helps a company to:Grow through the creation of new business opportuni tiesBoost profitability for stakeholdersIncrease customer satisfaction through better products meeting specific needs © Shutterstock.com | PureSolutionIn this article, we look at 1) two approaches for managing product development, 2) points to remember, and 3) other product development techniques.1. TWO APPROACHES FOR MANAGING PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTThere have been several approaches to managing an effective new product development process. One such method is the Fuzzy Front End (FFE) followed by a more formal Stage Gate process. The FFE is a more chaotic early stage process, where the concept is defined. The Stage Gate is a more formal step by step process where the concept is formalized and managed systematically.a. Fuzzy Front End (FFE)Defined by Koen, the fuzzy front end includes the chaotic, unpredictable, and unstructured activities that precede a more formal new product development process. This is stage after an opportunity has been realized and before a formal product development process is deemed ready. Here, a concept may be generated and then the decision made regarding the feasibility of t his concept and whether it is worthy of further investment of resources.Practically, the FFE may not be a formal or detailed part of the product development process. However, it may end up taking up to half the total development time and this is the point where serious commitments regarding time, investment and the nature of the envisioned end product are decided. Because of this, it sets the direction for the whole project and the product. This is why the importance of this phase cannot be overlooked and it should be included in the overall projected product development cycle time.In no particular order, Koen mentions five different elements of the front end. These are:Identification of Design CriteriaIn a semi structured manner, both large and incremental business and technological chances are identified. Based on criteria / guidelines decided here, new projects / products will be assigned resources and a structured development strategy can begin to be establishedIdea AnalysisIden tified ideas are converted to implications for business context relevant to the company. Market research and studies as well as some basic trials may be conducted at this point to understand how the concept will translate into a solution for the customerConcept GenesisThrough an incremental and iterative process, the identified idea is taken birth to a mature tangible concept. The process followed here can be formulated internally or externally through a specific customer request or a unique material availability from a supplierPrototypeDoes the concept of idea reached here make business sense and does it have business value? Positive answers to these questions lead to the decision to purse the creation of the prototype of the product and negative answers may end the process right here to be started again from the beginningProduct DevelopmentBased on factors such as available market share, customer requirements, investment needed, competitor analysis etc., a business case can now be developed. This is often treated as the first step of the formal product development process.There is no formal or universal definition of the Fuzzy Front End. Neither is there a clear framework of how it works. Generally, it is said to encompass tasks such as strategic planning, generating concepts and pre-technical evaluations. These activities are not set in any formal framework, but flow in an unpredictable, unstructured and often chaotic manner. Despite this, it can be a valuable and often vital lead into a successful product development activity.b. Eight Stage Gate Process for New Product DevelopmentOften known as the stage gate process, this 8 stage framework was developed by Robert G. Cooper after extensive research product success and failure. Since product developments often include big or small teams and may require substantial investment, following a structured and formal process may help maximize the probability of a successful product and mitigate the risk of failure. This process can also help keep everyone on the development team structured and on the same page. © Entrepreneurial InsightsThe 8 stages in this process are:Idea GenerationAt this stage, a product development team will take the concept narrowed down in the fuzzy front end and work on brainstorming this concept into concrete ideas for products. It is necessary to employ strong analyses to identify current market trends and available solutions, understand customer behavior and needs, and identify areas of opportunity. This information will help keep ideas focused and relevant. Some tools that can help this analysis include a basis internal and external SWOT analysis, study of market and customer trends, competitor analysis, focus groups, sales staff and other employees, and information from trade shows. It is also helpful for the team to keep important aspects of the future product in mind such as how lean it is, how scalable it is and how much return can it generate. There may be many ideas at this point, which will be analyzed in detail in the next stage.Idea ScreeningAt this st age, the task is to remove ideas that do not make strong business sense. A set criteria should be decided against which each idea will be evaluated and discussed. There should be as little deviation as possible from this criteria so that no extra time is spent debating unsuitable ideas. Some questions that can be asked at this stage includeWill the target audience benefit from this product?What is the size of this target audience and is there a growth forecast?Is there existing competitor presence or is it anticipated?Are the industry and market trends positive?Does it make technical sense to manufacture the proposed product?Will the product be profitable?Will it be acceptable to the customer at target price?Concept Development and TestingAt this stage, the legal and practical aspects of developing and launching the new product are studied. It is pertinent to investigate all intellectual property and patent issues to prevent later infringement issues. An understanding of the marketi ng message and marketing details will also help streamline and focus the process moving forward. Identifying the target market, purchase decision makers, product features, potential benefits and consumer reactions to the product are some important marketing related points. In addition, design details and their technical requirements as well as cost effective production are also vital considerations.Business AnalysisOnce marketing and design details are evaluated and understood, it is now time to conduct a business analysis to assess product profitability potential. It is important to estimate as close to reality as possible the likely sale price, based on competitor analysis results and consumer focus group or survey data. It is also necessary to workup sales volumes based on market size and relevant tools. And based on this, profitability and a break-even point can be identified.  Beta Testing and Market TestingAt this point, it is now time to manufacture an actual prototype or a c lose mockup. The product, and ideally the packaging, should now be tested in true to life usage conditions. This can be done through focus groups, interviews, introductions at tradeshows. The feedback that is generated can help identify redundant features or those that create no real value and any hitches in the user experience. Necessary adjustments can now be made. As further testing, an initial trial market can be identified and a small scale launch conducted to further assess acceptance by the target user group.  Technical ImplementationAt this stage, the technical teams will finalize the quality management system. They will also work out the resource requirements, plan engineering operations and create department schedules. Technical communications and requirements can be published to create a record. Suppliers should be brought on board and logistics worked out. A system for regular reviews of the project as well as contingency and risk mitigation plans should also be drawn up .Product LaunchThe product is ready for launch at this stage. Necessary advertising and marketing communications strategies are set into motion and the distribution channel is loaded up to ensure consistent product availability. The product should be monitored for usage feedback with consistent technical support available if applicable. In order to help convert undecided consumers into actual buyers, the marketing communications and brand presence need to be strong, relevant, visible and updated.New Product Pricing and Post Launch ReviewAt this point, a review of the entire process is a good idea to identify best practices and areas of improvement. The impact of this new product on the entire product portfolio should also be evaluated. An external and internal value analysis will help understand the impact of the product. The product may have been launched at an introductory price and it may now be time to decide upon an actual pricing strategy. This can be done after assessing cons umer response, competitor response and product costs. A forecast of unit volumes, revenue and profit will also add value. An ongoing mechanism needs to be put in place to evaluate changing customer needs and market trends to ensure that the product stays relevant and competitive as consumers grow older and change preferences.2. POINTS TO REMEMBERIt is important to note that the product development process is a fluid and evolving one. Some steps may need to be iterated while others may be eliminated altogether. In the interest of quicker time to market, some companies may run several steps simultaneously.There must be an understanding that ideas may get trashed and some of these may be exciting and innovative but wrong for what is presently required. The company must also be prepared for losses and have a risk mitigation or market exit strategy planned in advance to avoid being caught off guard.A Balanced TeamThe product development process ideally needs both technical or engineering and marketing or business expertise. The best way to achieve this is to create a specialized cross functional team and give it end to end responsibility for the product. This means that the team will be working on idea generation all the way to commercialization and post launch reviews. If the industry requires extensive and expensive RD, then a collaboration among different companies may help spread out costs and risks associated with a new product as well as provide access to a wider variety of skills and experience. In any case, it is vital that the team work in close collaboration to ensure the successful development and launch of the new product. With clear goals, the team can ensure that the product development process is productive and relevant.A Proactive ProcessNew product development is increasingly seen as a proactive process by senior management. There is an effort to identify changes in market trends and seize opportunities for new products before a need for them is ex plicitly present or before a competitor reaches it. This allows time to perfect and plan a product’s development and launch in detail and allows risk mitigation and planning. If a more reactive methodology is adopted then, there will always be a rush to catch up which may lead to a substandard product or a poorly planned launch. New product development should be seen as a form of continuous development where the entire company is alert towards potential opportunities.3. OTHER PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUESScrumSCRUM is a simple framework that allows teams to collaborate effectively on complex projects. Through this methodology, product development occurs in small pieces. Each piece builds up on a previously created piece. Working on one small piece at a time encourages the creative process and allows teams to incorporate feedback and make changes as well as to create only what is needed.Through a small set of rules, basic structure is provided to the teams to allow them to focus i nnovation on finding solutions to what might other be an extremely daunting challenge.The Scrum process involves three basic roles. These are:Product Owners who finalize what needs to be createdDevelopment teams who create what is needed and then demonstrate it after which the next step is determinedScrum Masters who ensure a smooth process and work on process improvement, team development and product quality

Minimum Wage Is The Price Floor For Jobs Essay - 1239 Words

Minimum wage is the price floor for jobs. Many people are either for it or against it, however not denying the fact that it is very important to employees. Because, minimum wage creates a pathway for workers to sell their labour though getting paid less, businesses willingly hire them and workers gain experiences. Yes, in many ways it can benefit both the employers and the employees but there is always a down side to it. When it comes to revenue businesses can only spend so much and it does not benefit the employees in the long run due to cost push inflations and poverty. A study based on minimum wage jobs from 2001-2012 in UK and Romania indicates how minimum wage have an effect on these countries. Youths are also being affected by minimum wage jobs. The article â€Å"Effects of rising minimum wage: theory, evidence and future challenges† closely examines the minimum wage â€Å"based on the contribution of theoretical and empirical research† in the EU countries such as the UK and Romania, and comparing them to the US. They were able to come to the conclusion of the Uk s minimum wage being slightly higher than the USA at 46%. Largest benefit was the gap reduction in the lower wages and a 5% increase of the lowest revenues. Romania stood out the most out of all the EU for minimum wage evolution and the effect of its policies on the labor market in more reasons than one. Using normal values when looking at an economy with high inflation rate is not relevant. Minimum wage wasShow MoreRelatedMinimum Wage And Its Effect On The Workplace886 Words   |  4 PagesPrice floor is most commonly defined as a government price control that establishes the minimum allowable price that can be charged for a particular good or service (Ragan, 2013). The most popular and recognisable examples of a price floor is minimum wage. Fundamentally, a minimum wage is the lowest hourly wage that employers can legally pay their employees (MCEE, 2008). For much of the past cen tury, the minimum wage has been a controversial subject among policymakers and economists around the worldRead MoreMinimum Wage At The United States1129 Words   |  5 Pagesintended to raise the current minimum wage floor of $7.25 in the United States stalled in Congress. As the November election approaches, many Democratic senate members are placing the issue of minimum wage at the forefront of their election campaigns, hoping to sway working-class voters in their favor. The issue of minimum wage has become a matter of politics, politics which far overshadow the far more pertinent concern of minimum wage’s economic effects. Minimum wage is a complex issue, and understandingRead MoreU.s. Federal Minimum Wage Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesFederal Minimum Wage is $7.25 per hour. In just two years from 2013, the demanded from advocates for raising minimum wage rose from $9 to $15. However, raising the minimum wage is more complex than simply raising the number of federal sta ndard of pay for employees. Relative control groups and other market activities play a part in the outcome of the minimum wage. For example, one instance of market activity was observers said that raising the minimum wage did not hurt individuals; however, wages wereRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Is A Good Or Not? Essay1265 Words   |  6 Pagestopic of minimum wage. What is it? Why people talk so much about it? Why should you care about that topic or even pay attention to that? This paper will try to answer the question of why increasing a minimum wage is a good or not so good idea. I. Definition and history of the minimum wage. Let’s start with the definition of the minimum wage. Minimum wage is defined as a legally mandated price floor on hourly wages, below which non-exempt workers may not be offered or accept a job (Minimum Wage 2015)Read MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Price Control1467 Words   |  6 PagesPrice controls are a type of government regulation used to establish a maximum price that can be charged for goods and services. Price controls have both advantages and disadvantages for consumers and producers. Price controls prevent money loss on both sides and help find an equilibrium for producers and consumers in the market. There are two different barriers to price controls: price ceilings and price floors. A price ceiling it put in place to regulate how high of a price can be charged for aRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage1437 Words   |  6 Pages Minimum wage was established on October 24, 1938 after President Roosevelt signed the Fair Labor Standards Act. (Grossman) Minimum wag e was set to allow working class citizens an opportunity to work a reasonable amount of hours for pay that would enable individuals to maintain a minimal quality life. In today’s economics minimum wage is used as a price control or price floor that the government enforces. A price floor is a minimum price for a product or service above the market’s equilibrium priceRead MoreRaising The Federal Minimum Wage1225 Words   |  5 Pages Study shows that wage increases do lower poverty, by 2.4% if wage at $8.00, consistent with other studies. (Washington Post/ Arin Dube) 1. Raising the federal minimum wage doesn’t cause substantial unemployment as most economists agree, including over 600 economists who wrote a letter to Congress urging a wage increase, and the Economic Policy Institute. A. Identify shortcomings of the opposition (fallacies they make, or weaknesses in the evidence they use) 1. Arin Dube’s study would be great,Read MoreMacroeconomics: Should Minimum Wage Be Raised?823 Words   |  4 PagesCase for More Than the Minimum Wage, written by Peter Coy on February 13th, 2014. The article starts with talking about President Obama’s 2014 State of the Union address calling for an increase in the minimum wage to $10.10 per hour. There was also a reference in the 2013 State of the Union address, but at that time it was to raise the minimum wage to $9.00 per hour. Where do these numbers really come from? Are they arbitrary or is there an economic rationale? The minimum wage has been on politicalRead MoreMinimum Wage : Low Skilled And Young Workers1553 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Minimum wage, a program created to help the poor, has every contrary effect to its well intentions. Throughout the history, people who hurt the most during minimum wage hikes are the low-skilled and young workers. Drastically raising minimum wage is meaningless as high inflation usually comes alongside with wage increases. Past economic statistics have shown that the rate of increase in inflation usually outpaced the rate of increase in minimum wage. Thus, the real value wage workers receiveRead MoreHistory of Minimum Wage1137 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition of Minimum Wage is â€Å"an amount of money that is the least amount of money per hour that workers must be paid according to the law† (Minimum wage). Minimum wage, like other laws, are used to keep the economy in line. Minimum wage laws were invented in Australia and New Zealand with the purpose of guaranteeing a minimum standard of living for unskilled workers. (Linda Gorman) Minimum wage puts a price on the ser vices one offers. Many different principles can be used to explain Minimum wage and explore

The Contemporary Hospitality Industry Free Essay Example, 4000 words

Chippies, and fish and chips fast food and regular restaurants are also quite popular in these establishments can range from one-person operations in a tiny little booth, such as those found in the small narrow lanes of York, two large seafood establishments, which can seat up to a hundred people and provide banquet and catering services. The smaller operations are generally family-owned, while many pubs have been taken over by corporate groups. Large restaurants are generally incorporated and stockholder owned. Catering companies also have a huge range for size, from one-person or family operations to very large operations offering services to conventions, large companies and airlines. One can conceivably visit the UK without ever realizing that theres a catering company involved, as many seem to work behind the scenes, such as supplying food to airlines. Pubs comprise a huge portion of the British hospitality industry, according to the British Beer and Pub Association/ their cont ribution to the GDP is more than 34.9 billion British pounds sterling. Pubs are the social gathering places in the UK, especially near the universities and in small towns. We will write a custom essay sample on The Contemporary Hospitality Industry or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Pubs reported in 19 . 9 billion British pounds sterling revenue from the sale of beverages. The rest of the 34.9 billion pounds contribution to the economy was for food. According to Hospitality News, â€Å"Customers eating ( £20.1b) and drinking ( £15.9b) out of home are the largest chunk of turnover according to the report, while business related expenditure such as rail or coach travel accounts for around a third ( £10b). † (Hospitality News 2007) Accommodations, on the other hand, contributed a mere 10.5 billion British pounds sterling to the economy. Social clubs and gambling establishments contributed another five or 6 billion British pounds Sterling. â€Å"  The hospitality industry employed 1.6 million people in the UK in 2002.*   Employers in the hospitality industry range from restaurants, hotels, pubs, clubs and bars and contract catering.   Restaurants were the largest employer in 2002 with 508,483 employers, representing 30% of the total hospitality workforce.   Hotels employed 279,785 people (17%).   Pubs, clubs and bars employed 261,130 people (16%).   Contract catering employed 192,298 people (12%).   Hospitality services** and second jobs in hospitality form the remaining 25%.   Employment in the UK hospitality industry 2002    † ( William Reed Ltd. 2006) Considering the above information from a report in 2002, we can extrapolate certain totals for 2007.

Is There A God - 2247 Words

Is there a God or is he just a myth? The world has been searching for God for ages and philosophers and atheists have debated about this topic. The word God itself is a huge controversy. Is there a God and if He is there why do we still have evil around, where is He? These are the general questions asked by man. On the other side atheists would say that there is no God for the universe evolved by itself and we came into being by accident. But the real question is how can we come into existence by just â€Å"itself† for the word itself does not make sense. In order for the universe to begin or have been created someone must have exited in the beginning and thus all the others have existed there after. There is someone with perfection and intelligence for the other natural bodies have acquired that fraction of qualities. I believe that the word God is just not God it’s the supreme power through which all beings have come to pass. Great Philosophers, Thomas Aquinas, David Hume, St. Anselm and Karl Rahner, of their time have given their viewpoints on the existence of God being teleological, oncological and affirmation where St Aquinas has the highest degree of argument on the existence of God and I affirm Aquinas words on the existence of God. My first admission in the existence of God is based on Aquinas’s argument. Aquinas arguments demonstrates the existence of God by stating that there are natural things that lack intelligence and thus do not have a purpose and maybe have theShow MoreRelatedGod s God : God813 Words   |  4 PagesGod being in control and intimately involved with His creation is essential to our faith as Christians. This belief impacts all Believers regardless of vocation however it is especially important for those of us going into ministry as pastors. â€Å"I used to ask God to help me. Then I asked if I might help Him. I ended up asking God to do His work through me.†(Hudson Taylor) Throughout all of Scripture we see God alluding to the truth that He created all things and is at work in all things and ultimatelyRead MoreLord God, God And God851 Words   |  4 Pagesthe supreme being: God and Lord God. While God and Lord God both have immense power and the unique ability to create, th ey are separate characters with separate personalities. Lord God is like a Greek anthropomorphic god with human desires and limitations, whereas God is an all-powerful abstract being of pure spirit. Lord God, like a Greek anthropomorphic god, has a human form and body. We first learn about Lord God in chapter two, the second creation story. Firstly, Lord God â€Å"formed man from theRead MoreThe God Of God1504 Words   |  7 Pageswas the god of creation. He was round and monstrous in size. Nobody knows how he came to be, but nobody ever dared to question him about it, even when they were given the chance. This was because Mundo was rude and aggressive, but, contrary to what many believed at first, he still had feelings. Mundo began to feel very alone after the first few days of being by himself. He had nobody to talk to and began to feel very gloomy. Then he had the idea to create something to fix his loneliness: gods. If heRead MoreGod s God And God762 Words   |  4 PagesGod created the earth for human beings to have peace and a close relationship with God. He does not expect the human race to rebel. The Abrahamic covenant was god’s response to the sin and rebell ion. God promises land, promise of many descendants, a promise on blessing Abraham, and blessing and curses others. When you begin reading the second book of the Bible, Exodus, and the children of Israel had become a nation down in Egypt. They had become virtual slaves in bondage, but God did not forget HisRead MoreThe God Is Blessed By God1313 Words   |  6 Pagesour lives we hear people saying, God has blessed me or I am blessed and most of the time the first thing that comes to our minds is success. We immediately relate blessings to something great. The most common understanding of what it means to be blessed by God is that we receive good things from Him. In this case, we can say that everyone, believes and non-believers receive blessings from God. However, we should ask ourselves this: are the blessings from God only limited to materialistic thingsRead MoreJesus, God, And God1291 Words   |  6 Pagesbeings: he was God s son. He was all man because he had a growth, development and limitations as a normal human. But he was also every god. In the Bible certain details and evidence for this claim is. Throughout his life he never sinned, forgive sins and God did. In addition, he called himself I am like God because Jesus, God the Son, and God the Father are one. Moreover, Jesus shows the union of God with humanity. He had three purposes; be the prophet who spoke the word of God to the people,Read MoreIs God A True God? Essay971 Words   |  4 Pages I believe that there is a true God who is involved in the world. If it would not be for our God who is keeping everything under His control, the world would cease to exist. God is the one who created this world. He is the only being who is eternal. God was not created. He created the world and continues to be very much involved in it. God created everything in this world from nothing. Then He formed man from the dust of the earth. After He formed man, He breathed into him theRead MoreJesus : The God Of God1408 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Son of God, etc. but the true meaning behind His name will only be determined by the faith and revelation. Scholars on this subject have tried to search the truth among the Scriptures, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and other canonic books. One thing that it is found in common is the coming of a messiah, a chosen man by God who will change the world. When God created humankind, He placed in the Eden, His primeval messiah, and he was appointed to represent Him on earth, but Adam failed to God and made theRead MoreThe Word Of God : God964 Words   |  4 Pagesthat when God spoke for the first time, Life, in the form of an energy called light, illuminated the universe. In that moment of time, darkness was the present condition across the expanse. The darkness could not understand the light and thus fled as God expressed his sovereign will through the spoken Word. The declaration of His Word brought forth light. This original light inundated the cosmos with life. Therefore, we conclude that life in the universe exists by the verbal Word of God. The writtenRead MoreGreek Gods And The Gods1528 Words   |  7 PagesAfter Hephaestus falls out of Zeus’ good graces, Thetis is able to lend her helping hand, displaying the hierarchical dynamic between the gods. The gods are indebted to each other, the likely reason that Hephaestus felt as though he needed to make Thetis the ornate shield. The duty and obligation to each other fuels the mutualistic relationships between the gods. Thetis’ motivation to help Hephaestus was not solely out of kindness; rather Thetis saw the opportunity to make a strategic move and put

Drug Testing for School Athletes free essay sample

Drug use in school athletics has become a substantial problem in today’s society. With the rising pressure to succeed and the high level intensity in athletics, it does not come to a surprise that so many student–athletes are giving in to drugs. Many schools that are faced with drug use are turning to mandatory drug tests for student-athletes; however mandatory drug tests are a violation of the Fourth Amendment, the Fifth Amendment and drug testing reverses the legal principle of innocent until proven guilty. In order to protect the rights of the American people, drug testing student-athletes without suspicion and without sufficient evidence should not be introduced into school athletics due to the fact that it violates the Fourth Amendment and the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution. Without suspicion of drug use, schools cannot require drug tests of athletes, because it violates their Fourth Amendment right. According to the US Bill Of Rights: â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause. † (Cayton). This means that you need probable cause or suspicion of drug use before you can require a drug test of someone. School athletes should not be subject to unjust searches based on non-existent evidence. The searches would be both unlawful and unreasonable thus making the policy unconstitutional. Nevertheless, there are many people who oppose this policy, and believe that student-athlete drug testing is needed to protect the common good and ensure the safety of everyone (Mikula). However, no policy should be able to violate the constitution and infringe on the student’s privacy. An example of this is from a court case involving a Texas School District. The Texas School argued that they needed a policy to test student-athletes for drugs to help control the â€Å"drug crisis† going on at their school. The court ruled that the school failed to demonstrate the need for drug testing without suspicion and the policy was deemed unconstitutional by the court (American Civil Liberties Union). Schools cannot test student-athletes without suspicion because it’s unlawful, unreasonable and unconstitutional. Drug testing of school athletes reverses the legal principle that we are innocent until proven guilty which thus going against one of the most fundamental concepts of criminal law. In the  Fifth Amendment it states: â€Å"†¦nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Cayton). This statement implies that it is guaranteed to us that we are to be assumed innocent until proven guilty. Some people might argue that schools shouldn’t need overwhelming evidence to ensure the safety of their students (High School and Youth Trends). However, it is clearly outlined within the Constitution that in order to test student-athletes for drugs, there must be compelling, and convincing evidence to base the accusations on or else the due process of law guaranteed to us in the Fifth Amendment is violated (Innocent Until Proven Guilty). Drug testing athletes without probable cause essentially tells students that they are guilty until they prove their innocence by taking a drug test. Without sufficient evidence to base accusations on, drug testing student-athletes is essentially asking them to provide the evidence of their own guilt. This is clearly in violation of the Fifth Amendment which clearly states that no person shall force to provide evidence to prove their own guilt. Within the Fifth Amendment it declares: â€Å"†¦nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Cayton). Since the school possesses no such evidence to incriminate the athletes, asking them to submit a drug test is essentially asking them to provide the evidence that will prove their guilt. Some people believe that schools have the right to force students to participate in mandatory drug tests to protect the school as a whole, but in reality the School possesses no right to invade on the individu al rights of the students themselves. An example of drug testing violating the Fifth Amendment is a court case involving a Pennsylvania School. The court ruled the schools drug testing policy unconstitutional because it violated the Fifth Amendment (American Civil Liberties Union). The school was ultimately forcing the students to submit to drug tests without compelling evidence. The students were basically providing the evidence of their guilt which is a violation of the constitution. Mandatory Drug testing within schools reverses the legal principle of innocent until proven guilty and also violates the Fourth and Fifth Amendments of the Constitution. Without suspicion of drug use, there is no probable cause to test student-athletes for drugs, thus violating the Fourth Amendment right to be free from unlawful searches. Drug testing student-athletes without acquiring sufficient evidence to base accusations  on, is essentially asking them to provide the evidence of their own guilt which violates the Fifth Amendment right to protect against self-incrimination. Drug testing without compelling evidence also reverses the legal principle of innocent until proven guilty. Drug testing without pre-existing evidence tells students that they are guilty until they prove their innocence by taking a drug test. In order to uphold and maintain the rules and rights given to us by the Constitution, drug testing student-athletes must be deemed unconstitutional on all counts.